Fair Value and Impairment Valuations for Brisbane Reporting Entities and Funds

Level 3 fair values, impairment tests, purchase price allocations and exploration asset reviews, prepared so the auditor can follow every step, for Brisbane boards, finance teams and fund managers reporting under Australian Accounting Standards.

Indicative valuations from A$799. Certified Summary and Detailed reports from seven business days.

Financial reporting valuations give an auditor something to test under ASA 540 when a number in the accounts is an estimate rather than a record. For Brisbane entities the usual four are AASB 13 fair value of unlisted investments, AASB 136 recoverable amount, AASB 3 purchase price allocation and the AASB 2 grant-date value of staff awards.

Why the auditor tests these numbers rather than accepting them

Some figures in a set of accounts are records and some are judgements. What an unlisted investment is worth, whether the goodwill from an acquisition can still be supported, which intangibles were really bought, what staff options cost and whether an exploration tenement still justifies its carrying amount are all judgements, and each one depends on a valuation. The auditor tests every one of them under ASA 540, the standard on auditing accounting estimates, and for a finance team in the CBD or an audit committee meeting off Eagle Street that testing grows more searching each year.

A weak estimate costs more than an awkward audit. A fund holding a stake in a Fortitude Valley software company at an inflated fair value reports returns it has not earned and may charge fees on them. A goodwill write-down booked a year late overstates profit in the meantime and, when it finally lands, can breach a banking covenant. An acquisition of an Acacia Ridge manufacturer recorded with the entire premium in goodwill, rather than spread across customer contracts, brand and technology, carries the wrong amortisation and the wrong impairment base for years afterwards.

Brisbane's mix of reporting entities gives these questions a local shape. Mining and resources companies run from head offices in the city carry exploration and evaluation assets that AASB 6 tests on its own indicators. Construction and engineering groups that grow by acquisition, including those positioning for the 2032 Games infrastructure pipeline, end up with purchase price allocations and goodwill to test. Private hospital and health operators around the Herston and Woolloongabba precincts, ASX-listed small caps, private equity managers and not-for-profit boards reporting to the ACNC all face the same expectation of a Level 3 estimate, and ASIC's financial reporting surveillance has long named asset impairment and the valuation of unlisted assets among its focus areas.

We prepare these valuations for CFOs, audit committees, fund managers and the auditors who review their work. Every engagement is structured around the questions the auditor will ask, because a valuation that cannot survive that discussion has not done its job.

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Andrew Mackson
Andrew Mackson, CFA, ABV, CBV
Managing Partner · 15+ years
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Four standards, four separate questions for the auditor

Most financial reporting valuations arise under one of four standards. Each asks something different, measures on its own basis and is audited in its own way, and a resources company adds a fifth question under AASB 6.

AASB 13: fair value of unlisted holdings

Fair value is an exit price: what a market participant would pay for the asset, or require to take on the liability, in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. Inputs are graded in three levels, and almost every private company investment falls into Level 3, where the entity's own assumptions carry the result and the disclosure load is greatest. A recent arm's length round is a strong anchor, but it is calibrated and updated at each reporting date, not simply repeated.

AASB 136: goodwill and cash-generating units

Goodwill and intangibles with an indefinite life are tested every year, and other assets whenever an indicator exists, including a market capitalisation that has fallen below net assets. The carrying amount of a cash-generating unit is compared with its recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use and fair value less costs of disposal. Value in use rests on board-approved forecasts, usually covering no more than five years, for the assets in their present condition, discounted at a pre-tax rate.

AASB 3: allocating the purchase price

Once an acquisition completes, the consideration is assigned to the identifiable assets and liabilities at fair value, including intangibles the target never recognised: customer relationships, brands, technology, the order book and restraint covenants. Goodwill is the residual. An earn-out or other contingent consideration is recognised at its acquisition-date fair value and, when classified as a liability, remeasured through profit or loss until it is settled.

AASB 2: share-based payments

Options and performance rights issued to staff are measured at grant-date fair value with an option pricing model and expensed across the vesting period. How that accounting value differs from the employee's Division 83A tax value, and what the difference means for a Brisbane growth company, is explained on our employee share scheme page.

AASB 6: exploration assets held by Brisbane resources companies

Exploration and evaluation assets follow their own list of impairment triggers. AASB 6 points to a right to explore that has expired or will soon expire without expected renewal, further substantive expenditure that is neither budgeted nor planned, a decision to stop work in an area after finding no commercially viable quantities, and data showing the carrying amount is unlikely to be recovered through development or sale. Once an indicator is present the asset is measured under AASB 136, at a level no larger than an operating segment, and the valuation usually leans on transactions in comparable tenements rather than a cash flow forecast that does not yet exist.

How the auditor's file is put together

Fair value work under AASB 13 starts with the value of the whole enterprise, using the market approach with multiples from listed peers and comparable deals, and the income approach with a discounted cash flow, to the extent the company's stage and data permit. That value is spread across the share classes through a waterfall, an option pricing method or a backsolve to the latest round. Where the fund invested recently, the model is calibrated to return that price at that date, and later inputs are adjusted for what has moved since, such as trading against plan, peer multiples and milestones. Debt positions are valued on yield against current market rates for comparable risk, with enterprise value cover as the cross-check, and a convertible note may need to be split under AASB 9 into a host debt and an embedded derivative that is remeasured each period.

Impairment work under AASB 136 begins before any modelling, with the definition of cash-generating units and the allocation of goodwill, because a unit drawn too wide lets a healthy division prop up a failing one and auditors look for exactly that. Value in use then follows the standard's rules: cash flows for the assets as they currently stand, with expansion capital and uncommitted restructuring excluded, a terminal growth rate supported by long-run evidence, and a pre-tax discount rate solved by iteration from a market-based post-tax weighted average cost of capital rather than grossed up. For a Brisbane construction or engineering group with uneven project revenue, the forecast is tested against the contracted order book and the tender pipeline the board has actually approved. When value in use is close to the carrying amount we also estimate fair value less costs of disposal on market participant assumptions, because recoverable amount is the higher of the two and testing only one can produce a write-down that should never have happened.

Purchase price allocation under AASB 3 identifies each intangible and values it with a method that suits it: multi-period excess earnings for customer relationships, relief from royalty for brands and technology, a with-and-without comparison for restraint covenants, and replacement cost for the assembled workforce as a contributory asset. The returns implied for each asset are reconciled to the return on the whole transaction, which is the test the auditor will run. The same work becomes the base for the first impairment test and the tax cost setting exercise, and the sensitivity and headroom analysis is built in the layout the notes need, so it goes straight into the disclosures rather than being reconstructed after year end.

What the auditor will request, already in the file

Why financial reporting valuations fail the audit

These are the findings that turn an ordinary audit into a modified opinion, a restatement or an exchange of letters with ASIC.

Report Types and Pricing: Valuations From A$799

Because these valuations are written for an auditor, and sometimes for a regulator reviewing the auditor's work, nearly all of them are certified. The exception is early planning, when a board wants to know whether a write-down is likely, or how a proposed acquisition would change the balance sheet, before it commits.

Indicative Valuation
From A$799
Choose this if the board wants an early, internal read on headroom, a likely impairment or the rough shape of a purchase price allocation ahead of the reporting date. Intended for internal decision-making; it is not a certified opinion for lenders, courts or the ATO.
Delivery: from seven business days after receipt of all information
Up to 50 pages
Internal audience
Can be used in litigation
Capital structure: common equity, bank/shareholder loans
Compliant with ATO market value guidance
APES 225 Valuation Engagement
Certified and signed by an experienced practitioner
Completed and reviewed by well trained staff
Considers and applies, when relevant, all 3 valuation approaches (income, market, asset)
Applies multiple cost of capital estimates (limited to 3)
Executive summary
Statement of limiting conditions
Valuation exhibits
Glossary
Table of contents
Company review
Industry review
Economic review
Discussion of valuation approaches and types of discounts
Discussion of the application of valuation approaches and discounts
Conclusion
Email support
Closing Zoom Call
Detailed Valuation
Contact for Pricing
Choose this for goodwill impairment, an exploration asset review, purchase price allocation, a portfolio of Level 3 positions, or any estimate likely to draw ASIC or audit committee scrutiny, where every input must be traceable and repeatable. Certified and signed. Applies and reconciles all relevant approaches in full so another expert can follow the reasoning.
Delivery: from seven business days after receipt of all information
150+ pages
Internal and external audience, including for litigation or when likely to be reviewed by others
Can be used in litigation by a broad range of professionals
Capital structure: common equity, bank/shareholder loans
Compliant with ATO market value guidance
APES 225 Valuation Engagement
Certified and signed by an experienced practitioner
Completed and reviewed by well trained staff
Considers and applies, when relevant, all 3 valuation approaches (income, market, asset)
Applies multiple cost of capital estimates (full set of 12)
Executive summary
Statement of limiting conditions
Valuation exhibits
Glossary
Table of contents
Company review (full)
Industry review (full)
Economic review (full)
Discussion of valuation approaches and types of discounts (full)
Discussion of the application of valuation approaches and discounts (full)
Conclusion
Email support
Closing Zoom Call

See the full Services and Pricing page

What the report contains and who stands behind it

The report follows the order in which an auditor works: the accounting question, the unit of account, the measurement date, the information used, the method and the reason for choosing it, each input with its source and date, the calculation, the sensitivities and the disclosure schedule. Each judgement is explained in plain words where it is made, so a reviewer in an Eagle Street audit office can follow it without rebuilding the model.

A certified valuer signs every report, answers the auditor's questions in person, takes the audit committee through the sensitivities and defends the conclusion if it is challenged, including as an expert witness in the Supreme Court of Queensland should a reported value become part of a commercial dispute. We plan the engagement around your close timetable and work with your finance team and auditor from the outset, because a valuation delivered after the accounts are signed is an argument rather than evidence.

A question for the audit committee

If the auditor rejects one assumption, how far does the conclusion move, and is that already known? A valuation that cannot answer straight away has not been stress-tested.

Questions Brisbane finance teams and audit committees ask about reporting valuations

Any valuation prepared to support a number in financial statements drawn up under Australian Accounting Standards. The most frequent are the fair value of an unlisted investment under AASB 13, the recoverable amount of a cash-generating unit under AASB 136, the allocation of a purchase price under AASB 3 and the grant-date fair value of staff awards under AASB 2. Each is an accounting estimate the auditor examines under ASA 540, so the report is written with that reader in mind: method, inputs, sources, sensitivities and the disclosures the notes require.
At least once a year, whether or not there is any sign of trouble, and again whenever an impairment indicator arises. Indefinite-life intangibles and intangibles not yet available for use follow the same annual rule. Other non-financial assets are tested only when an indicator is present, and that assessment happens at each reporting date, including the half-year for entities that report at that point. Typical indicators include results well below budget, the loss of a major contract or licence, higher market interest rates and a market capitalisation below the carrying amount of net assets.
Value in use is measured on pre-tax cash flows that exclude tax and financing, so the discount rate has to be on the same basis. We build a post-tax weighted average cost of capital from observable inputs, namely the risk-free rate, an equity risk premium, peer betas, a target capital structure and the cost of debt, then solve for the pre-tax rate by iteration: the rate at which the pre-tax cash flows give the same value as the post-tax cash flows at the post-tax rate. Dividing the post-tax rate by one minus the tax rate is a different calculation, and auditors check how the rate was derived.
Only briefly, and only with supporting work. A recent arm's length round is good evidence of fair value at the date it happened, and the model should be calibrated to reproduce that price. At each later reporting date the inputs are updated for what has changed: trading against plan, movement in comparable multiples, milestones reached or missed, and any change to the rights attached to the securities held. A round price left untouched for several periods is one of the first things an auditor, and ASIC, will query in a Level 3 disclosure.
A purchase price allocation divides the price paid for a business among the assets and liabilities acquired, at fair value, so the accounts reflect what was actually bought. Customer relationships, brands, technology and restraint agreements are recognised separately, each with its own useful life and amortisation pattern, and only the remainder is goodwill. Any earn-out or deferred payment is included at its acquisition-date fair value. The allocation drives the amortisation charge, the starting point for later impairment tests and the tax cost setting work, so doing it properly once is far cheaper than correcting it later.
Not in the same way. Exploration and evaluation assets under AASB 6 are not tested every year by default; they are assessed against the standard's own indicators, such as an exploration right that has expired or is about to expire without expected renewal, no further substantive expenditure budgeted or planned, or a decision to stop work in an area after finding no commercially viable resource. When an indicator is present, the asset is measured under AASB 136 at a level no larger than an operating segment. Because there is usually no reliable cash flow forecast at that stage, the valuation tends to rely on comparable tenement transactions and the market's pricing of similar projects.
Certified reports are delivered from seven business days after we receive the information we need, and we fit the engagement to your close and audit timetable rather than asking you to fit ours. An impairment test needs the board-approved forecasts, the current allocation of goodwill to cash-generating units and the carrying amounts under test. A fund valuation needs the investee's financial statements and the rights attached to each class held. A purchase price allocation begins with the sale agreement, the completion accounts and the acquired business's customer and contract records. An Indicative valuation for planning uses the same analysis and is intended for internal decision-making only.
Indicative valuations start from A$799 and are intended for internal decision-making, so they suit an owner who wants a well-reasoned range before committing to anything. Summary and Detailed reports are certified and are quoted after a free consultation, because the fee depends on the purpose, the number of entities, the state of the records and whether the opinion must withstand review by a court, the ATO or another expert. The fee is confirmed in the engagement letter before work starts, and every report is delivered from seven business days after we receive the information.

Book a Free Consultation

Talk your situation through with a certified valuer before you commit to anything, at no cost.

Andrew Mackson
Andrew Mackson, CFA, ABV, CBV
Managing Partner · 15+ years
Book a Free Consultation →

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